Articles by Milene Fozza
Poison vs Antidote in Dogs and Cats: What Actually Reverses It
Not every poisoning has an antidote — and the wrong antidote gets in the way. A practical guide to toxicant–antidote pairs in small animals, with reference doses, the most common ER pitfalls, and what to do when no reversal agent exists.
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Canine atopic dermatitis: clinical signs, differential diagnosis and management in practice
Canine atopic dermatitis is one of the most common skin diseases in small animal practice. Learn how to recognize clinical signs, work through the differential diagnosis and build a long-term multimodal management plan.
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Diabetes mellitus in dogs and cats: diagnosis, insulin management and monitoring
A practical clinical guide to diabetes mellitus in dogs and cats: differences between species, diagnosis, insulin selection, glucose curves, fructosamine and the owner's role in home management.
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Otitis in dogs: primary causes, perpetuating factors and why it keeps recurring
Canine otitis is rarely "just a dirty ear". When it recurs, there is almost always an untreated primary cause and ignored perpetuating factors. See how the PPSP model organizes clinical reasoning and reduces relapses.
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Acute pancreatitis in dogs: clinical signs, diagnosis and supportive care
Acute pancreatitis is one of the most common abdominal emergencies in canine practice. We review risk factors, clinical signs, the role of cPLI/Spec cPL and ultrasound, and the pillars of supportive care: fluid therapy, analgesia, nausea control and early nutrition.
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Feline lower urinary tract disease (FLUTD): from idiopathic cystitis to urethral obstruction
FLUTD is one of the most common reasons cats are presented to the clinic. A practical guide to idiopathic cystitis, urolithiasis, the male urethral obstruction emergency and multimodal management with environmental enrichment (MEMO).
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Tick-borne diseases in dogs: ehrlichiosis and babesiosis in clinical practice
The canine tick fever complex — ehrlichiosis caused by Ehrlichia canis and babesiosis caused by Babesia spp. — remains among the most frequent challenges in small-animal clinical practice in Brazil. A practical guide to phases, clinical signs, diagnosis, treatment and prevention.
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Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis: Clinical Signs, Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention
A clinical, practical guide to canine visceral leishmaniasis: vector, clinical signs, diagnosis, LeishVet staging, treatment in Brazil and prevention. A responsible look at an endemic zoonosis.
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Compounded veterinary prescriptions: when to prescribe and how to formulate safely
Compounding solves problems the pharmaceutical industry doesn't cover: fine dose adjustment by weight, palatability and tailor-made dosage forms. See the real indications, the mandatory elements of a correct compounded prescription, the most common mistakes, and how to communicate with the compounding pharmacy to ensure safety.
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Canine cardiology in practice: murmur, cough, and when to investigate heart failure
A murmur heard during routine exam, a persistent cough, and suspected heart failure: a practical guide to help the clinician decide what is incidental, what deserves staging, and when to investigate canine heart disease in depth.
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Special Control Prescription in veterinary medicine: when to use it, requirements, and how to issue it correctly
The two-copy Special Control Prescription is required for several medicines under special control. Understand when it is needed, the mandatory data, validity, copy retention, and the role of digital prescribing with an ICP-Brasil signature.
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LGPD at the veterinary clinic: how to handle owner data and medical records securely
The LGPD applies to veterinary clinics too. Here is a practical guide to the data you collect, the legal bases that apply, owners' rights, and best practices to protect medical records and personal information — including when you use digital and AI tools.
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Digital signatures for veterinary prescriptions: types, certificates and how to set it up
ICP-Brasil, e-CPF, A1 or A3? See how digital signatures for veterinary prescriptions work, where to get a trustworthy certificate, and how to set it all up in AllEars.Vet to sign in seconds.
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Veterinary Clinic Management Software: The Complete 2026 Guide to Choosing One
Choosing veterinary clinic management software changed in 2026. See the essential features, how AI automates medical records and consultations, and a practical checklist to decide with confidence.
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Sarcoma in Cats: Types, Diagnosis and Injection-Site Sarcoma
Understand the main types of sarcoma in cats — with a focus on feline injection-site sarcoma (FISS) — and how to approach diagnosis, surgery and owner guidance.
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